JavaScript 装饰器：释放元数据编程的力量

            @logClass
class MyClass {
  constructor() {
    // ...
  }
}

function logClass(target) {
  console.log(`Class ${target.name} has been created.`);
}

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            function Singleton(target) {
  let instance = null;

  return function (...args) {
    if (!instance) {
      instance = new target(...args);
    }
    return instance;
  };
}

@Singleton
class DatabaseConnection {
  constructor(connectionString) {
    this.connectionString = connectionString;
    console.log(`Connecting to ${connectionString}`);
  }

  query(sql) {
    console.log(`Executing query: ${sql}`);
  }
}

const db1 = new DatabaseConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017');
const db2 = new DatabaseConnection('mongodb://localhost:27017');

console.log(db1 === db2); // Output: true

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            function logMethod(target, propertyKey, descriptor) {
  const originalMethod = descriptor.value;

  descriptor.value = function (...args) {
    console.log(`Calling method: ${propertyKey} with arguments: ${JSON.stringify(args)}`);
    const result = originalMethod.apply(this, args);
    console.log(`Method ${propertyKey} returned: ${result}`);
    return result;
  };
  return descriptor;
}

class Calculator {
  @logMethod
  add(x, y) {
    return x + y;
  }

  @logMethod
  subtract(x, y) {
    return x - y;
  }
}

const calc = new Calculator();
calc.add(5, 3); // Logs: Calling method: add with arguments: [5,3]
                //       Method add returned: 8
calc.subtract(10, 4); // Logs: Calling method: subtract with arguments: [10,4]
                  //       Method subtract returned: 6

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            function validate(target, propertyKey) {
  let value;

  const getter = function () {
    return value;
  };

  const setter = function (newValue) {
    if (typeof newValue !== 'string' || newValue.length < 3) {
      throw new Error(`Property ${propertyKey} must be a string with at least 3 characters.`);
    }
    value = newValue;
  };

  Object.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, {
    get: getter,
    set: setter,
    enumerable: true,
    configurable: true,
  });
}

class User {
  @validate
  name;
}

const user = new User();

try {
  user.name = 'Jo'; // Throws an error
} catch (error) {
  console.error(error.message);
}

user.name = 'John Doe'; // Works fine
console.log(user.name);

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            function cached(target, propertyKey, descriptor) {
  const originalGetter = descriptor.get;
  let cacheValue;
  let cacheSet = false;

  descriptor.get = function () {
    if (cacheSet) {
      console.log(`Returning cached value for ${propertyKey}`);
      return cacheValue;
    } else {
      console.log(`Calculating and caching value for ${propertyKey}`);
      cacheValue = originalGetter.call(this);
      cacheSet = true;
      return cacheValue;
    }
  };
  return descriptor;
}

class Circle {
  constructor(radius) {
    this.radius = radius;
  }

  @cached
  get area() {
    console.log('Calculating area...');
    return Math.PI * this.radius * this.radius;
  }
}

const circle = new Circle(5);
console.log(circle.area); // Calculates and caches the area
console.log(circle.area); // Returns the cached area

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            const requiredMetadataKey = Symbol("required");

function required(target: Object, propertyKey: string | symbol, parameterIndex: number) {
    let existingRequiredParameters: number[] = Reflect.getOwnMetadata(requiredMetadataKey, target, propertyKey) || [];
    existingRequiredParameters.push(parameterIndex);
    Reflect.defineMetadata(requiredMetadataKey, existingRequiredParameters, target, propertyKey);
}

function validateEmail(email: string) {
  const emailRegex = /^[\w-\.]+@([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]{2,4}$/g;
  return emailRegex.test(email);
}

function validate(target: any, propertyName: string, descriptor: TypedPropertyDescriptor) {
  let method = descriptor.value!;

  descriptor.value = function () {
    let requiredParameters: number[] = Reflect.getOwnMetadata(requiredMetadataKey, target, propertyName);
    if (requiredParameters) {
      for (let parameterIndex of requiredParameters) {
          if(arguments.length <= parameterIndex){
             throw new Error("Missing required argument.");
          }

          const email = arguments[parameterIndex];
          if (!validateEmail(email)) {
              throw new Error(`Invalid email format for argument #${parameterIndex + 1}.`);
          }
      }
    }

    return method.apply(this, arguments);
  }
}

class EmailService {
  @validate
  sendEmail(@required to: string, subject: string, body: string) {
    console.log(`Sending email to ${to} with subject: ${subject}`);
  }
}

const emailService = new EmailService();

try {
  emailService.sendEmail('invalid-email', 'Hello', 'This is a test email.'); // Throws an error
} catch (error) {
  console.error(error.message);
}

emailService.sendEmail('valid@email.com', 'Hello', 'This is a test email.'); // Works fine

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            function logMethodWithPrefix(prefix: string) {
  return function (target, propertyKey, descriptor) {
    const originalMethod = descriptor.value;

    descriptor.value = function (...args) {
      console.log(`${prefix}: Calling method: ${propertyKey} with arguments: ${JSON.stringify(args)}`);
      const result = originalMethod.apply(this, args);
      console.log(`${prefix}: Method ${propertyKey} returned: ${result}`);
      return result;
    };
    return descriptor;
  };
}

class Calculator {
  @logMethodWithPrefix('[CALCULATION]')
  add(x, y) {
    return x + y;
  }

  @logMethodWithPrefix('[CALCULATION]')
  subtract(x, y) {
    return x - y;
  }
}

const calc = new Calculator();
calc.add(5, 3); // Logs: [CALCULATION]: Calling method: add with arguments: [5,3]
                //       [CALCULATION]: Method add returned: 8
calc.subtract(10, 4); // Logs: [CALCULATION]: Calling method: subtract with arguments: [10,4]
                  //       [CALCULATION]: Method subtract returned: 6

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            {
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es6",
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    // ... other options
  }
}

            

              
                Copy